There is a link between the caudate and sleep patterns. It functions in associative and procedural learning, inhibitory control of action, and movement. It is located on both sides of the thalamus. In each hemisphere, it forms a thick anterior part called the head which tapers to a body and narrow tail, giving it a C shape. The caudate nucleus along with the putamen form the dorsal striatum, which is divided by the internal capsule. They connect with the thalamus, brainstem, cortex and others. They include the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), ventral pallidum, the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. The basal ganglia is a group of subcortical nuclei on top of the midbrain. It is important in pain sensation and olfaction as it includes fibers from the neospinothalamic tract and olfactory tracts. It connects the two temporal lobes of the cerebrum in front of the fornix. The anterior commissure is a white matter tract much smaller than the corpus callosum. Its other functions involve attention, memory retrieval, and spatial cognition including distinguishing between left and right. It sends visual information to Wernicke’s area. It is involved in complex language functions such as reading, writing and their interpretation. It is posterior to the supramarginal gyrus in the parietal lobe, and close to the superior edge of the temporal lobe. The angular gyrus is in Brodmann area 39. The left amygdala develops first, while the right amygdala grows for a longer span of time. ![]() It has also been linked to obsessive and compulsive bevavior, anxiety disorders, and PTSD. There is data showing that the left amygdala has a role in the reward system. Projections of the amygdala include the locus coeruleus, the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens, and the thalamus. It is the main structure involved in the fight or flight response. ![]() The amygdala are involved in memory consolidation. The right amygdala is concerned with fear conditioning and declarative memory as well as in associating time and place with emotions. This involves memories associated with emotional events.Įach amygdala has an independent memory system. They play a role in emotional responses, decision making, and processing of memory. The amygdala are made up of the basolateral complex, the medial nucleus, the cortical nucleus, the central nucleus and the intercalated cell clusters. The pair of amygdala deep in the temporal lobes are part of the limbic system. This animation includes views and descriptions of the amygdala, angular gyrus, anterior commissure, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, central canal of spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebral aqueduct, cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cingulate gyrus, commissure of fornix, corpus callosum, fornix, fourth ventricle, frontal cortex, globus pallidus, gray matter, hippocampus, hypothalamus, inferior colliculus, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, internal capsule, interventricular foramina, lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, medulla oblongata, midbrain, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, orbital gyrus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, pons, postcentral gyrus, posterior commissure, precentral gyrus, prefrontal cortex, putamen, septum, stria terminalis, substantia nigra, superior colliculus, superior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, thalamus, third ventricle, tuber cinereum, white matter, and others. About 60 structures plus their substructures are shown and described in this half hour long animation. We look at the anatomy as well as physiology, input/output connections, function and importance of each structure. In this comprehensive 3D animation we go over the anatomy of the brain in detail, from the lobes, gyri and sulci of the cortex, to the nuclei of the basal ganglia, white matter, parts of the brainstem, locations of the ventricles, commissures, and other structures.
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